System calls – 
System call provides an interface made available by operating system.
System call provides the interface between processes an operating system.
These calls are generally available as assembly level instruction.
Some system may allow system call should be directly form of high level language like – c, c++.
System call can be grouped into five major categories –
1. Process control
2. File management
3. Device management
4. Information maintenance
5. Communication
1. Process control –
Start, end
Load, execute
Create process, terminate process
Get process attribute, set process attribute
Wait for time
Allocate and free memory
2. File management – 
Create file, delete file
Open, close
Read, write
Get file attribute, set file attribute
3. Device management – 
Request device, release device
Read, write
Get device attribute, set device attribute
Logically attach/deattach device
4. Information maintenance –
Get/set time or date
Get/set system data
Get process, file, device attributes
Set process, file, device attributes

5. Communication – 
Create and delete communication device
Send and receive message
Transfer status information
Attach or detach remote devices

       Example of windows and Unix








Example – consider a simple program to read data from one file and to copy them to another file.